An Investigation of Resistance Literature in Athar Qavami’s “Lovingly on the Mine”
Sohrab
Saidi
MA in Persian Language and Literature, Urmia University
author
Fatemeh
Modarresi
Professor of Persian Language and Literature, Urmia University
author
text
article
2019
per
The eight-year Holy Defense affected a large part of our poetry and literature and led to the emergence of a resistance literature in which the struggle of a nation against the danger and threat of foreigners is expressed in both verse and prose. Most poems appear in two forms of free verse and sonnet, and fiction is seen in the genre of prose. Since the drive for resistance against the invader is inherent in human nature, Athar Ghavami, a poet from Bandar Abbas and Lar, has spared no effort to reflect the committed concepts of the Holy Defense. Like a warrior outside the front, he has sought to depict battlefields and the subsequent devastation. This article uses content analysis and library research method to examine resistance literature in Ghavami’s poetry collection “Lovingly on the Mine.” It is discussed that Ghavami’s collection uses the two classical and free verse forms to introduce the ideals of sacred defense. By creating images of war and epic warriors in the eight-year Holy Defense, he has shown his faith in the Islamic Revolution and the resistance literature of his country, so that our younger generation can become more familiar with the values of the Holy Defense.
Journal Of Sacred Defense Literature
shahed university
2645-3800
3
v.
5
no.
2019
1
14
https://rl.shahed.ac.ir/article_1077_30b927d649e10ea1cee4006d55f47c55.pdf
Semiology of Place Identity in Palestine “The Symbolic Triangle of Homeland, Home, and Woman in Resistance Poetry”
Sara
Akbari
PhD Candidate of Political Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
author
Mohaddese
Jazaei
PhD Candidate of Political Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
author
Mahdi
Najafzadhe
Associate Professor of Political Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
author
text
article
2019
per
The relationship between “identity” and “place” is complex, concrete and symbolic. Place does not merely refer to the presence of individuals, regardless of cultural, political or social characteristics; rather, it is full of symbolic meanings, emotional attachments and feelings that people have for a particular group. Symbolic expression of feelings for political phenomena finds greater significance in unusual situations. The issue of the occupation of Palestine and the popular resistance against it is one of the most fundamental subjects in Palestinian and Arabic poetry, in which key concepts in Palestinian thought and expression are centered around the notions of “homeland” and “land.” Since a certain place can create identity in certain circumstances in order to become a sign or symbol, the purpose of this article is to examine the semiotic aspects of the poems of Mahmoud Darvish, one of the most important poets of the Palestinian resistance. The authors of the present study believe that not only the concept of homeland, but also the concepts of “home” and “woman” in the poems of resistance poets have found a symbolic aspect, in such a way that one can find a “symbolic triangle” in resistance poetry with a semantic overlap. The results of the study indicate that the dominant aspect of Mahmoud Darwish’s poetry is the expression of bitterness caused by a plundered land that has distorted the Palestinian place identity.
Journal Of Sacred Defense Literature
shahed university
2645-3800
3
v.
5
no.
2019
15
28
https://rl.shahed.ac.ir/article_1075_8952676c10f3ecca90fdf49093c8aff7.pdf
A Comparative Study of Rodomontade in Shahnameh and Holy Defense Poetry
Farhad
Mohammadi
PhD in Persian Language and Literature, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University
author
Mohammad reza
Sangari
Associate Professor of Research Center for Sacred Defense Literature, Defensive Science Research Center.
author
text
article
2019
per
As a war tactic, rodomontade refers to expressions that have long been uttered in battlefields to weaken the enemy and increase the morale of comrades. Rodomontade, which is considered to be the most prominent feature of epic poems, is a common element in Shahnameh and Holy Defense poetry. The present study has comparatively studied the appearance of rodomontade in Shahnameh and Holy Defense poetry to investigate their similarities and differences. To this end, some prominent pieces of rodomontade have been extracted from Shahnameh and have been compared with those of prominent poets of Holy Defense poetry. The results of the research reveal that regarding rodomontade, similarities between Shahnameh and Holy Defense poetry are related to the constituents and some general functions, while the differences are more palpable and are predominantly related to content and theme.
Journal Of Sacred Defense Literature
shahed university
2645-3800
3
v.
5
no.
2019
29
44
https://rl.shahed.ac.ir/article_1073_73d6f474f982b2cda5afa6545f294f9f.pdf
Investigating Themes of Resistance in the Epic Section of Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh
Zahra
Asgari
PhD Candidate of Persian Language and Literature, Imam Khomeini International University
author
Ahmad
Forouzanfar
Assistant Professor of Persian Language and Literature, Shahed University
author
text
article
2019
per
Resistance literature narrates the stability and resilience of nations whose lands and beliefs have been invaded by foreigners and enemies. Meanwhile, the works that express the bravery of this people are full of resistance themes that can appear in different forms depending on the culture of that people. In Iran, Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh, as the first versification of Iranians’ resistance, expresses a meaningful relationship between his epics and the themes of resistance literature in which these themes have appeared in three forms: specific, common and comparative; common themes such as patriotism, calling for unity and empathy, depiction of the suffering faces of people, etc., and specific themes such as fighting alone, adhering to fame, ammunition, respecting the dead of the enemy, as well as comparative themes such as praise of freedom in the form of praise of veterans, invitation of the leaders to fight instead of inviting the general public to do so, etc. Among these, some themes that cover the prominent and fixed themes of resistance literature are more prevalent among all nations, finding a higher frequency than other subjects. This article, using content analysis method with the aim of proving the existence of resistance literature in Iran and pointing out different themes of resistance literature in the epic section of Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh, has introduced the work as a comprehensive work from the perspective of resistance literature.
Journal Of Sacred Defense Literature
shahed university
2645-3800
3
v.
5
no.
2019
45
60
https://rl.shahed.ac.ir/article_1140_0e5cc607a167f9dbcb38c9947dc6cbb9.pdf
Analysis and Comparison of the Principles of the Romantic School (In the Works of Seyyed Hassan Hosseini and Gibran Khalil Gibran)
Shahla
Khalilollahi
. Associate Professor of Persian Language and Literature, Shahed University
author
Poran
Tajabadi
MA Candidate of Persian Language and Literature, Shahed University
author
text
article
2019
per
Romanticism is a literary movement that has European and Western origins, but there are various backgrounds and factors for its formation and expansion, though not in its exact European meaning, in Iranian and Arabic literature. These contexts and factors are inevitably influenced by cultural, social, political and even intellectual and emotional conditions that make the literature of a society prone to change. Seyyed Hassan Hosseini is an Iranian contemporary poet who has devoted most of his poems to the genre of resistance literature, and in most of his poems the principles of the school of Romanticism with a touch of social commitment, idealism and criticism prevail. Gibran Khalil Gibran is one of the most prominent poets of the school of Romanticism in contemporary Arabic literature, whose lyrical works reflect the manifestations of Romanticism. The present article examines the Romantic school in the works of Seyyed Hassan Hosseini and Gibran Khalil Gibran to show that the factors influencing the formation and spread of Romanticism in contemporary Persian and Arabic poetry have similarities and differences. The differences are due to the relatively cultural and social dissimilarities.
Journal Of Sacred Defense Literature
shahed university
2645-3800
3
v.
5
no.
2019
61
84
https://rl.shahed.ac.ir/article_1078_16fd3409c260b805ec880c4701e44867.pdf
Manifestations of Resistance Literature in Ritual Poetry from the Constitution to the Islamic Revolution
Maliheh
Kheiri
PhD in Persian Language and Literature, University of Tehran
author
Manoochehr
Akbari
Professor of Persian Language and Literature, University of Tehran.
author
text
article
2019
per
Ritual poetry is a kind of committed poetry that, in terms of meaning and content, is totally religious and comes from revelatory teachings, the culture of the Etrat, and guardianship. In the ritual poetry of the Persian Constitutional Revolution, new themes, including anti-oppressive, pro-justice, anti-tyrannical and anti-colonial ones which were influenced by Ashura, were fashioned based on the circumstances of the era. The ritual poets of this period can also be found in two categories: those who considered religious issues as well as social and political concerns of the time; and those who did not reflect political or social issues in their poetry. Ritual poetry endured until the Pahlavi era, and its practitioners can be categorized into various groups: symbolist poets, resistance poets, and those traditional poets who wrote religious poems. The resistance elements in such poems, whether those belonging to the Constitutional or Pahlavi eras, include consideration of the uprising of Imam Hossein and its philosophy, praise for Jihad, and the inclusion of models and legends, especially Islamic ones, such as Abu Zarr, Salman, etc. or contemporary figures such as Mirza Kuchak Khan and so on.
Journal Of Sacred Defense Literature
shahed university
2645-3800
3
v.
5
no.
2019
85
98
https://rl.shahed.ac.ir/article_876_691e0011736acc31fe6e09a1384b5197.pdf
A New Look at Myths of Holy Defense Poetry (Exploring the Function of Myths in Determining National Identity)
Hamzeh
Mohammadi Dehcheshmeh
PhD Candidate of Persian Language and Literature, University of Kashan
author
Esmaeil
Sadeghi
Assistant Professor of Persian Language and Literature, Shahrekord University
author
text
article
2019
per
As one of the greatest events in the modern history of Iran, the Imposed War has influenced various aspects of the individual and social lives of Iranians. As one of the manifestations of the Iranian thought, literature, especially poetry, has witnessed a profound change. With the outbreak of the Imposed War, Iranian poets used historical, national, and religious myths and created mythological characters to emphasize their identity-making functions. The use of myths in the poetry of the Imposed War indicates that Iranians have continued to preserve their cultural bonds through the identity-inspiring elements of their country’s history and culture, using such symbols and myths to reinstate their identity. Myths were used in war poetry to primarily increase motivation through inciting feelings and incentives. The present research investigates the works of such poets as Qeysar Aminpour, Hossein Esrafili, Hamid Sabzevari, Mohammad Ali Mardani, and Nasrollah Mardani to discuss the role of mythology in determining identity, especially national identity. It is finally argued that mythological heroes of epic events are usually ambitious supermen who fight for the honor, supremacy and independence of their nations.
Journal Of Sacred Defense Literature
shahed university
2645-3800
3
v.
5
no.
2019
99
118
https://rl.shahed.ac.ir/article_1074_2c757803557e838747039c0de218e11d.pdf
Representation of Djamila Bouhired, the Algerian Revolutionary Female Warrior, in Modern Arabic Poetry
Touraj
Zeinivand
Associate Professor of Arabic Language and Literature, Razi University
author
Atfhe
Pourshams
M.A. in Arabic Language and Literature, Razi University
author
text
article
2019
per
Algeria had long been a French colony and could achieve decolonization through resistance and struggles of its men and women. Female warriors played a prominent role in the Algerian Revolution. Among these women, one can refer to Djamila Bouhired (1935 AD) whose reputation has been heard across the Arab countries. She has been delicately and strikingly praised by not only Algerian poets, but also other poets in the Arabic world (Iraq, Syria, Egypt, Sudan, Palestine and Saudi Arabia). In this study, the character and struggles of this female warrior are investigated in the poems of some modern Arab poets, including Badr Shakir al-Sayyab, Ahmed Abdel Muti Hijazi, Nazik al-Malaika, Nizar Qabbani, Rashid Hussein, Hassan Abdullah Qureshi, and Mohammed El Fitory. Findings show that the selected Arab poets, by depicting Bouhired’s struggles against the enemy, could turn her into a model for the spread of political and revolutionary insight in the Arab world.
Journal Of Sacred Defense Literature
shahed university
2645-3800
3
v.
5
no.
2019
119
132
https://rl.shahed.ac.ir/article_1072_aed6bef35fbdf28d5553ea672ba86f37.pdf
Themes of Awakening and Resistance in Mohammed Ridha Al-Shabibi’s Poetry
Dana
Talebpour
Associate Professor of Arabic Language and Literature, University of Tehran
author
Masoumeh
Shabestari
Associate Professor of Arabic Language and Literature, University of Tehran
author
text
article
2019
per
In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Iraq was among those countries that were subjected to domestic and foreign colonizers. In 1534, the country went under the rule of the Ottoman Empire and was dominated by the British government in 1918. As a result, for a long time, Iraq suffered from injustice, disintegration and corruption caused by deceptive policies. Meanwhile, poets used their literary merit to play a major role in the awakening and mobilization of people against the neglect of oppression and oppression, and played a significant role in the social scene with their literary power. One of the most famous poets writing for the awakening and resistance of the Iraqi people is Mohammed Ridha Al-Shabibi who has enjoyed a prominent place in the Iraqi literature of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries due to his political and practical struggles. His clear language in expressing domestic and foreign corruption has inspired an increasing passion for the awakening of the Iraqi nation. Using a descriptive-analytical method and relying on some topics in the resistance literature such as invitation to unity and struggle against domestic tyranny and colonialism, in this research, we were able to portray the poet’s effective role in the Iraqi resistance literature and consider him as a patriotic poet in modern Iraq.
Journal Of Sacred Defense Literature
shahed university
2645-3800
3
v.
5
no.
2019
133
144
https://rl.shahed.ac.ir/article_1020_fb7df8e2263651a2396607c83d2abf08.pdf
Analysis of War Narratives and Propositions in The Doors of Heaven Open to the Earth
Barat
Mohammadi
Assistant Professor of Persian Language and Literature, Islamic Azad University, Urmia Branch
author
Jafar
Mohammadi
MA in Persian Language and Literature, Islamic Azad University, Urmia Branch
author
text
article
2019
per
The Doors of Heaven Open to the Earth is a novel that narrates Iran-Iraq war. The main question is this: what is the relationship between the reports that novels give about historical events like war and the reality of the events in question? How is the narration and what issues are emphasized? What is depicted in this novel is in contrast with the realities represented in the official discourse. The narrator has based the story on doubts about life, death, war, and finally reality. With having doubt about the possibility of understanding the usual reality, the author represents unusual scenes which defy reality. This incredulity towards reality turns the novel somehow into a surrealist work. In fact, the narrator re-narrates the known realities about war to point out another version of reality along the way. With its specific narratological method and its triple approaches to humanity (love), criticism (war) and idealism (martyrdom), this novel narrates a disturbed mind affected by war, a mind that struggles to narrate realities of war through the war itself. To this end, a delusional structure is used for the narration, such that the novel narrates a loving, poetical, and delicate mentality that is surrounded by the fire of war and love. A surface analysis of the story shows that the narration is not one of the dimension of death or that of life, but the narration of a mentality that is involved with the inbetweenness of life and death, and thus the narration of non-death and non-life.
Journal Of Sacred Defense Literature
shahed university
2645-3800
3
v.
5
no.
2019
145
166
https://rl.shahed.ac.ir/article_1076_0e5c7c3d1bfa1b0e6196265ec9a96842.pdf
The Effect of Lived Experience on the Nature of Narrative Elements (Case Study: I Am Alive)
Soussan
Jabri
Associate Professor of Persian Language and Literature, Razi University
author
Farzane
Hedayatizadeh
MA Candidate of Resistance Literature, Razi University
author
text
article
2019
per
What is the effect of the narration of the author’s lived experience on the formation of the nature of narrative elements? The purpose of this study is to identify the effect of lived experience on the formation of the nature of narrative elements. For the case study, I Am Alive, which narrates the author’s experience of captivity, was chosen. The research methodology is text analysis. Findings show that since the narration is based on the author’s lived experience, it has well been able to handle the complex and deep processing of narrative elements, eliminating the need for the author to use the techniques of storytelling. The characters in the story are not imaginary, but real human beings. The element of truthfulness is at its highest. Choosing the protagonist’s first-person perspective plays a key role in conveying both horrors and hope. War-torn cities, fronts, prisoner-of-war camps are the real scenes of the events. Conversations and attempts to get the news of the war are a significant part of the events. The constant and formidable challenges of the characters on the border of life and death have created a constant stream of powerful internal, external, mental, physical and emotional conflicts and have formed projections, crises and powerful suspense. Unpredictable events have made the plot stable and full of conflict, suspense and dynamism, keeping the reader in constant apprehension. As a result, these findings reveal the profound and fundamental impact of lived experience mimesis on shaping the nature of narrative elements.
Journal Of Sacred Defense Literature
shahed university
2645-3800
3
v.
5
no.
2019
167
184
https://rl.shahed.ac.ir/article_1130_db63857f45beb1097364593a29fd13cf.pdf
Reflection of Tahereh Saffarzadeh's Intellectual Transformations From Worldly Love to Patriotism and Overcoming Religious Attitute
Farhad
Kakerash
Assistant Professor of Persian Language and Literature, Islamic Azad University, Mahabad Branch
author
text
article
2019
per
Saffarzadeh is a contemporary poet who began writing poetry at the age of thirteen. Her poems are important for their religious and revolutionary notions. The present article seeks to explain and introduce Tahereh Saffarzadeh's poems in terms of the evolution of her thoughts and ideas. Quantitative-qualitative method has been used to achieve this goal, meaning that first it describes the intellectual characteristics of Saffarzadeh's poems, then it shows the changes and transformations of the poet's mind and language using diagrams and shapes. Results of the research show that Saffarzadeh's thoughts and ideas in her poetry have undergone significantly noticeable changes during fifty years of writing poems and can be divided into different periods. This feature is due to her long poetic career which has been influenced by social changes (including family and society), individual transformations (evolution of personality and beliefs) and various events (distance from home, war, etc.). Saffarzadeh is sometimes a social reformer in her poetry. She is a thinker who considers the reforms and security of her society and an educator who envisions proper education and comprehensive educational, moral, individual and social education. The reflection of Saffarzadeh's intellectual developments has been manifested in various subjects such as virtual love, real love, social modernism, etc. A noteworthy point in her thinking is her new look at Western concepts and human rights.
Journal Of Sacred Defense Literature
shahed university
2645-3800
3
v.
5
no.
2019
185
195
https://rl.shahed.ac.ir/article_1141_c7b98511f124db96322f0ef93b204a88.pdf
Abstract Koli
text
article
2019
per
Journal Of Sacred Defense Literature
shahed university
2645-3800
3
v.
5
no.
2019
1
12
https://rl.shahed.ac.ir/article_1203_71f5a8b1a16060b45141c172234254f8.pdf